What Next
Chapter 16
The revolutionary tool for automated conversations – gpt-3 (2020).
GPT-3, short for Generative Pre-trained Transformer, was introduced to the world earlier in May 2020, and it is truly transforming automation.
It is undoubtedly a revolutionary tool used for automated conversations, such as responding to any text that a person types into the computer with a new piece of text that is contextually appropriate. It requires a few input texts to develop the sophisticated and accurate machine-generated text.
The subtle tweaks and nuances of languages are far too complex for machines to comprehend. Therefore, it becomes a task for them to generate texts that are easily readable by humans.
However, GPT-3 is based on natural language (NLP), deep learning, and Open AI, enabling it to create sentence patterns, not just human language text. It can also produce text summaries and perhaps even program code automatically.
Chapter 15
The first AI music composer – Amper (2017).
Amper became the first artificially intelligent musician, producer and composer to create and put out an album. Additionally, Amper brings solutions to musicians by helping them express themselves through original music. Amper’s technology is built using a combination of music theory and AI innovation.
Amper marks the many one-of-a-kind collaborations between humans and technology.
For example, Amper was particularly created on account of a partnership between musicians and engineers. Identically, t he song “Break-Free’ marks the first collaboration between an actual human musician and AI. Together, Amper and the singer Taryn Southern also co-produced the music album called “I AM AI”.
Chapter 14
The first robot citizen – Sophia (2016).
Hansen Robotics created Sophia, a humanoid robot with the help of Artificial Intelligence. Sophia can imitate humans’ facial expressions, language, speech skills, and opinions on pre-defined topics, and is evidently designed so that she can get smarter over time.
Sophia, activated in February 2016, and introduced to the world later that same year. Thereafter, she became a Saudi Arabian citizen, making her the first robot to achieve a country’s citizenship. Additionally, she was named the first Innovative Champion by the United Nations Development Programme.
Actress Audrey Hepburn, Egyptian Queen Nefertiti, and the wife of Sophia’s inventor are the inspiration behind Sophia’s appearance
Chapter 13
Alexa (2014)
Next up, in the history of AI is Alexa. Alexa is a virtual assistant Artificial Intelligence system, developed by Amazon. Alexa is available on smartwatches, car monitors, speakers, TV, and various other platforms. Whenever a person says “Alexa”, the device conversely activates and performs the command. After that, it filters human voice from a room filled with commotion.
Alexa can play music, provide information, deliver news and sports scores, tell the weather condition, and control your smart home. It even enables Prime members to make lists and order products from Amazon.
Chapter 12
The Q/A computer system – IBM Watson (2011).
The famous quiz show Jeopardy resulted in the development of Watson! Watson is a question-answering computer system capable of answering questions posed in natural language. Watson helps you predict and shape future outcomes, automate complex processes, and optimise your employees’ time.
In recent years, Watson’s calibre has evolved from just being a question-answering computer system to a powerful machine learning asset to its company that can also ‘see,’ ‘hear’, ‘read,’ ‘talk,’ ‘taste,’ ‘interpret,’ ‘learn,’ and ‘recommend.’
Watson competed against champions Brad Rutter and Ken Jennings in 2011 and won the first-place prize of $1 million on the show.
Chapter 11
Voice recognition feature on the iPhone and Siri (2008).
This advancement gave users the power to quite literally *voice* their queries and concerns.
Furthermore, the advancement was a minor feature update on an Apple iPhone, where users could use the voice recognition feature on the Google app for the first time. This step seemed small initially, but it heralded a significant breakthrough in voice bots, voice searches and Voice Assistants like Siri, Alexa and Google Home. Although highly inaccurate initially, significant updates, upgrades and improvements have made voice recognition a key feature of Artificial Intelligence.
Siri, eventually released by Apple on the iPhone only a few years later, is a testament to the success of this minor feature. In 2011, Siri was introduced as a virtual assistant and is specifically enabled to use voice queries and a natural language user interface to answer questions, make recommendations, and perform virtual actions as requested by the user.
Lastly, Siri comprises a conversational interface, personal context awareness, and service delegation. The user response to Siri has consistently been so positive that it has become a key feature on all Apple devices. A user can ask Siri to call, send a message, or perform other actions with the iPhone, Macbook, and Smart Watch apps.
Chapter 10
The Vaccum Cleaning robot – Roomba (2002).
AI soon absorbed the sponge of cleaning as well.
With the introduction of Roomba, cleaning at home became much more efficient. The vacuum can trap 99% of allergens with the vacuum’s High-Efficiency Filter. So, once it finishes cleaning, you have to empty the wastebasket, and you’re good to go.
The device has a suite of sensors to avoid smashing with the furniture, fall down the stairs and so on. Not only that, but the vacuum integrates with Amazon’s Alexa and Google’s Assistant—so you can have the floors cleaned only using your voice and your preferred digital assistant.
Chapter 9
The Emotionally equipped robot – Kismet (1998).
Kismet (meaning: fate) was one of the first robots able to equally demonstrate social and emotional interactions with humans. It had a cartoonish face and always had the ability to engage with people and make them smile. The entire code to run and develop kismet took the developers about 2.5 years.
The motor outputs include vocalisations, facial expressions, and motor capabilities to adjust the gaze direction of the eyes and the adjustment of the head. Therefore, it portrayed a variety of emotions such as disgust, surprise, sadness, keen interest, calmness and infuriated.
Chapter 8
Man vs Machine – DeepBlue beats chess legend (1997).
This was indeed a game-changer in the timeline of Artificial Intelligence. DeepBlue was a chess-playing computer developed by IBM. It was the ultimate battle of Man Vs Machine, to figure out who outsmarts whom. Kasparov, the reigning chess legend, was challenged to beat the machine – DeepBlue. Everyone glued to the game was left aghast that DeepBlue could beat the chess champion – Garry Kasparov. This left people wondering about how machines could easily outsmart humans in a variety of tasks.
Chapter 7
The chatbot ALICE (1995)
A.L.I.C.E, composed by Richard Wallace, was released worldwide on November 3rd, 1995. Although Joseph Weizenbaum’s ELIZA heavily inspired the bot, there were major tweaks to the bot that made her a genuinely exceptional. It is strengthened by NLP (Natural Language Processing), a major program that converses with humans by applying algorithmic pattern-matching rules that enables the conversation to flow more naturally.
Over the years, ALICE has won many awards and accolades, such as the Loebner Prize in three consecutive years (2000, 2001 and 2004). Additionally, ALICE has inspired the 2013 movie by Spike Jonze called Her. The movie represents a relationship between a human and an artificially intelligent bot called Samantha.
Chapter 6
Shakey – the robot (1969)
Next lined-up in this timeline of Artificial Intelligence is Shakey. Shakey is chiefly titled as the first general-purpose mobile robot. It was able to reason with its own actions. According to the plaque displayed in IEEE, Shakey “could perceive its surroundings, infer implicit facts from explicit ones, create plans, recover from errors in plan execution, and communicate using ordinary English.” The robot had a television monitor and whiskers to detect when it came close to any object. Interestingly, the robot itself would plan the route it would take so that it could carefully manoeuvre around obstacles. Shakey “communicated” with the project team with a teletype and a CRT display. Also, the team would judge how Shakey reacted to pranks.
Chapter 5
The first chatbot – Eliza (1964)
The next invention marks a huge discovery amongst the timeline of Artificial Intelligence, as the market for it is still thrivin.
Eliza – the first-ever chatbot was invented in the 1960s by Joseph Wiezenbaum at the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at MIT. Eliza is a psychotherapeutic robot that gives pre-fed responses to the users. Such that, they feel they are talking to someone who understands their problems.
Here, the main idea is that the individual would converse more and get the notion that he/she is indeed talking to a psychiatrist. Of course, with continuous development, we are now surrounded by many chatbot providers such as drift, conversica, intercom, etc.
Chapter 4
The industrial robot – Unimate (1961)
Unimate became the first industrial robot created by George Devol. She was used on a General Motors Assembly line to transport die castings and weld these parts on autobodies. The workers had to be extremely cautious while performing this activity. Else, it could lead to poisoning or losing a limb. Unimate known for its heavy robotic arm weighed 4000 pounds.
Chapter 3
The father of AI – John McArthy (1955)
John McCarthy is the highlight of our history of Artificial Intelligence. He was an American Computer Scientist, coined the term Artificial Intelligence in his proposal for the Dartmouth Conference, the first-ever AI conference held in 1956. The objective was to design a machine that would be capable of thinking and reasoning like a human. He believed that this scientific breakthrough would unquestionably happen within 5-5000 years. Furthermore, he created the Lisp computer language in 1958, which became the standard AI programming language.
Chapter 2
Test for machine intelligence by Alan Turing (1950)
Alan Turing, the world’s most renowned computer scientist, and mathematician had posed yet another experiment to test for machine intelligence. The idea was to understand if the machine can think accordingly and make decisions as rationally and intelligently as a human being. In the test, an interrogator has to figure out which answer belongs to a human and which one to a machine. So, if the interrogator wouldn’t be able to distinguish between the two, the machine would pass the test of being indistinguishable from a human being.
Chapter 1
Enigma broken with AI (1942)
This is first up our lane in the timeline of Artificial Intelligence. The Bombe machine, designed by Alan Turing during World War II, was certainly the turning point in cracking the German communications encoded by the Enigma machine. It helped in speeding up the decoding of messages. Hence, this allowed the allies to react and strategise within a few hours itself rather than waiting for days/weeks. His entire formula of breaking the code was with the observation that each German message contained a known piece of German plaintext at a known point in the message.